Source: Crit Care / Published online 2020 May 6.
Essential functions of HVAC system includes heating (adding heat to raise or maintain temperature), cooling (removing heat to lower or maintain temperature), humidifying (adding water vapour), dehumidifying (removing water vapour) in order to maintain the moisture content of the air, filtering (removing dust particles, biological contaminants like bacteria, viruses and fungi), ventilating (air change rates between outdoor) and air distribution (velocity, flow pattern, direction of movement and distribution patterns)
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Balance Point HVAC Blog

The energy intensity for cooling commercial buildings in the United States depends on the climate the building is located in. Energy intensity in buildings is the energy consumed per square foot of floorspace. U.S. commercial buildings in hot or very hot climates, which are primarily in the southernmost parts of the country, were more than six times more energy-intensive for cooling (14.2 thousand British thermal units per square foot [MBtu/sf]) than buildings in cold or very cold climates (2.3 MBtu/sf).