Source: Anne Lauer / June 2023
For this article we mean only electric resistive heat costs referring to classic, standard baseboard heating. The electricity is used to directly create heating which radiates out of the heating system. Modern heat pumps are also driven by electricity but instead of generating it directly, heat pumps move heat from one location to another. So heat pump efficiencies would be calculated in a different way and aren’t considered here.
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Balance Point HVAC Blog

The energy intensity for cooling commercial buildings in the United States depends on the climate the building is located in. Energy intensity in buildings is the energy consumed per square foot of floorspace. U.S. commercial buildings in hot or very hot climates, which are primarily in the southernmost parts of the country, were more than six times more energy-intensive for cooling (14.2 thousand British thermal units per square foot [MBtu/sf]) than buildings in cold or very cold climates (2.3 MBtu/sf).